Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a painful disorder in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of it, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic region.
What Causes Endometriosis?
The exact cause is unknown but several theories exist such as:
- Retrograde menstruation – Flow of menstrual blood containing endometrial cells through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvis rather than out of the body as usual. These cells may attach and grow.
- Transformation of cells – Coelomic metaplasia theory suggests hormones or immune factors may transform the cells that line the pelvis into endometrial cells.
- Cell transfer – Endometrial tissue may attach itself to pelvic surfaces during surgeries and be transported by blood or lymph vessels to other pelvic regions.
Diagnosing Endometriosis
Symptoms vary widely but may include:
- Pelvic pain before or during menses
- Painful ovulation
- Pain with intercourse
- Excessive bleeding
- Painful bowel movements or urination during menses
If endometriosis is suspected, the doctor performs a physical examination and transvaginal ultrasound. To confirm diagnosis, laparoscopic surgery is done to view endometrial implants and lesions directly and test samples.
Treating Endometriosis
Treatment focuses on managing pain and preserving fertility. Options include:
- Hormone therapy – Birth control pills, progestogens, GnRH inhibitors
- NSAIDs and other pain medications
- Laparoscopic surgery to cut out endometrial tissue and separate adhesions
- Alternative therapies like nutritional diet, acupuncture
- Removal of ovaries & uterus (hysterectomy) if other treatments fail
Getting proper treatment can help symptoms resolve and allow patients with endometriosis to live normal, active lives.
For more information or to schedule a consultation regarding Endometriosis with Dr. Vidhu Khandelwal at Khandelwal Clinic in Mumbai, please contact us today.